IPEN Nanomaterials Library
nanomaterials:
health & safety, equity, ECOTOXICITY and policy
This library provides links to websites containing nanotechnology studies, white papers, discussions, and other materials that address health, safety, environmental impacts, equity and policy options. Sites were recommended by people working on nanotechnology and range from basic to highly technical.
All website below contain some useful information, but analyses and recommendations vary and are not universally supported by participants in this initiative. Websites often provide information on multiple topics and so are listed under multiple headings below. Factors such as financial interests can impact objectivity and so readers must evaluate evidence and conclusions judiciously.
New information
Resolution on nanotechnologies and manufactured nanomaterials by participants in the African regional meeting on implementation of the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management
http://www.sciencecorps.org/nano_resolution_from_African_region.doc
General information: Definition & standardiZation
Sixth Session of Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety, Dakar, Senegal September 2008 (IFCS Forum VI)
http://www.who.int/ifcs/forums/six/en/index.html
Friends of the Earth (FOE) Australia, Europe and United States Nanotechnology standardisation & nomenclature issues
http://www.ecostandard.org/downloads_a/2008-10-06_foea_nanotechnology.pdf
Swiss Re: Nanotechnology - Small matter, many unknowns,
http://www.swissre.com/resources/31598080455c7a3fb154bb80a45d76a0-Publ04_Nano_en.pdf
The Royal Society and The Royal Academy of Engineering, UK (2004). Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncerntainties; 2004, page 8 http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/
Nanotechnology Citizens Engagement Organization - definitions and standardization
Basic definitions, images and links from Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology
A 2007 review of international standards: http://www.ecostandard.org/downloads_a/cen-overview-std-nanotech-sept07.pdf
Shand H and Wetter K (2006). “Shrinking Science: an introduction to nanotechnology”. Chapter 5 In State of the World 2006: Special focus: China and India”. The Worldwatch Institute. WW Norton & Company, New York, USA.
Health and Safety 
EC: Scientific Committee on Emerging & Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR), Risk assessment of products of nanotechnologies January 2009, http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_scenihr/docs/scenihr_o_023.pdf
Friends of the Earth (FOE)
Many briefing papers and publications: http://nano.foe.org.au/node/26
Mounting evidence that carbon nanotubes may be the next asbestos http://nano.foe.org.au/node/265
Out of the laboratory and on to our plates
http://www.foeeurope.org/activities/nanotechnology/Documents/Nano_food_report.pdf
Nanosilver, A threat to soil, water and human health ?
www.foeeurope.org/activities/nanotechnology/Documents/FoE_Nanosilver_report.pdf
European Trade Union
Confederation (ETUC) - Resolution on nanotechnologies and nanomaterials,
http://www.etuc.org/IMG/pdf_ETUC_resolution_on_nano_-_EN_-_25_June_08.pdf
Vivagora - multiple articles in French:
Rel-UITA, Agriculture and Food Workers Challenge Nanotechnologies by G. Foladori & N. Invernizzi, 2007,
http://www.rel-uita.org/nanotecnologia/trabajadores_cuestionan_nano-eng.htm
Worker health and safety: need for medical monitoring asserted by unions and NGOs
http://legacy.usw.org/usw/program/adminlinks/docs//NIOSH%20Interim%20Nano%20Guidance%20Comments%205-7-09%20.pdf
Nanotechnology Citizens Engagement Organization - definitions and standardization
ETC Group: Medical applications, other commodities, and food. http://www.etcgroup.org/en/issues/nanotechnology.html
Size Matters: The Case for a Global Moratorium http://www.etcgroup.org/en/materials/publications.html?pub_id=165
EFSA. 2009. Scientific Opinion: The Potential Risks Arising from Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies on Food and Feed Safety. Scientific Opinion of the Scientific Committee. Adopted February 2009. EFSA Journal (2009) 958, 1-39 http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1211902361968.htm
France – Afsset, Les nanomatériaux–Sécurité au travai : http://www.afsset.fr/upload/bibliotheque/258113599692706655310496991596/afsset-nanomateriaux-2-avis-rapport-annexes-vdef.pdf
Afsset, Nanomatériaux : exposition et risques pour la santé. L’Afsset est saisie par ses trois tutelles pour évaluer les risques pour la population générale http://www.afsset.fr/upload/bibliotheque/707587797463045494102824770797/CP_afsset_saisine_nanomateriaux_ 28072008.pdf
Afsset,
Nanomatériaux : concilier l’innovation et la sécurité sanitaire :
http://www.afsset.fr/upload/bibliotheque/511821750834000786123519684814/dp_afsset_nanomateriaux.pdf
German Federal Institute of Occupational Safety & Health, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment & Environment Agency joint German research strategy: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/technik-verfahren-sicherheit/nanotechnologie/index.htm
UK– Nanotechnologies at Defra
http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/nanotech/index.htm
Swiss Action Plan Synthetic Nanomaterials
http://www.environment-switzerland.ch/div-4002-e
EU Commis DG Sancowebsite on nanotechnologies http:// ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/nanotechnologynanotechnology_en.htm
Modified Opinion on the appropriateness of existing methodologies to assess the potential risks associated with engineered & adventitious products of nanotechnologies, (SCENIHR /002/05), http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_scenihr/docs/scenihr_o_003b.pdf
International Risk Governance Council, Risk Governance of Nanotech Applications in Food & Cosmetics”, Sept 08, http://www.irgc.org/IMG/pdf/IRGC_Report_FINAL_For_Web.pdf
Institute of Occupational Medicine in the UK. 2009. EMERGNANO: Health and safety research on nanomaterials & nanotechnology: Defra Project CB0409, report TM/09/01, March 2009 http://www.safenano.org
World Health Organization (WHO) Institute of Medicine “Activities on Nanotechnologies in the IOMC Organizations”, http://www.who.int/entity/ifcs/documents/forums/forum6/f6_05inf.doc
FAO/ WHO: Expert Meeting on Application of Nanotechnologies in Food and Agriculture Sectors: Potential Food Safety Implications http://www.who.int/foodsafety/fs_management/meetings/nano_june09/en/ AND: http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/agns/index_en.asp
OECD Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials (WPMN): www.oecd.org/env/nanosafety
NATO Parliamentary Assembly Committee (2005) 179 STCMT 05 E Security Implications of Nanotechnology. http://www.nato-pa.int/default.Asp?SHORTCUT=677
Individual Studies: Toxicology, Pharmacokinetics, Exposure Assessment, and Related Information
To conduct a scientific literature search for worldwide publications with access to most abstracts: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez
Websites Serving as Portals to Many Individual Studies
Nanoceo - links to many important scientific studies by topic: http://www.nanoceo.net/nanorisks
FOE - links to many important scientific studies: http://nano.foe.org.au/node/78
Select Individual Studies
Tsuchiya T, Oguri I, Yamakoshi Y and Miyata N. 1996. Novel harmful effects of [60] fullerene on mouse embryos in vitro & in vivo. FEBS Lett 393(1):139-45 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/00145793/1996/00000393/00000001/art00812
Recommended scientific articles on nanoparticles asbestos-like effects - not currently free online.
Social equity issues
ETC Group: addreses a number of social eqity issues
http://www.etcgroup.org/en/issues/nanotechnology.html
ETC: "Nanotech's "Second Nature" Patents: Implications for the Global South: The potential impact of nanotechnologies on commodity markets: implications for commodity dependent developing countries” Trade-Related Agenda, Development & Equity” (T.R.A.D.E.) Research Paper 4. http://www.etcgroup.org/en/materials/publications.html?pub_id=45
ETC: "Size Matters: The Case for a Global Moratorium" http://www.etcgroup.org/en/materials/publications.html?pub_id=165
The Loka Institute http://www.loka.org/FedNanoPolicy.html
National Citizens Technology Forum Report: Nanotechnology and Human Enhancement http://cns.asu.edu/files/NCTFSummaryReportFinalFormat08.pdf
Meridian on nanotechnology and the poor, opportunities and risks, January 2005
http://www.meridian-nano.org/gdnp/NanoandPoor.pdf
Nanotechnology Citizens Engagement Organization: http://www.nanoceo.net/nanorisks
Nyéléni 2007- Forum for Food Sovereignty. (2007). Peoples’ Food Sovereignty Statement. http://www.nyeleni2007.org/IMG/pdf/Peoples_Food_Sovereignty_Statement.pdf
Invernizzi N, Foladori G, Maclurcan D. (2008). Nanotechnology's Controversial Role for the South. Science Technology Society 13: 123-148 (unavailable via open access).
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 
Damage to Ecosystems, Food Supplies, and Dispersion of Nanomaterials in the Environment
New Research – Fullerenes and carbon nanotubes damage rice and other plants, with ecosystems implications:
Nanomaterials and Damage to Essential Food Crops: Is Rice in Jeopardy? An analytical brief available from Sciencecorps, Friends of the Earth Australia and USA, and the National Toxic Network, Australia.
Original rice study at: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122211012/abstract
Friends of the Earth Australia article on this: http://nano.foe.org.au/node/330
Nanowerk article on the topic http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=9516.php
Nanotechnology & the Global Challenge of Access to Clean Water: Workshop at the Nanotechnology Northern Europe in Copenhagen, Denmark September 2008 http://www.nanotech.net
FOE Australia - Nanosilver, A threat to soil, water and human health ?
www.foeeurope.org/activities/nanotechnology/Documents/FoE_Nanosilver_report.pdf
Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (PEN) - Where does the nano goe?, http://www.nanotechproject.org/mint/pepper/tillkruess/downloads/tracker.php?url=http%3A//www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/2699/208_nanoend_of_life_pen10.pdf
Policy
Government Actions, Regulatory issues, & Societal Controls
International Organizations
Sixth Session of the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety, Dakar, Senegal September 2008 (IFCS Forum VI)
http://www.who.int/ifcs/forums/six/en/index.html
Dakar Statement on Manufactured Nanomaterials (Final report of IFCS Forum VI)
http://www.who.int/ifcs/documents/forums/forum6/report/en/index.html
European Commission – REACH & nanomaterials
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/reach/reach/more_info/nanomaterials/index_en.htm
UNESCO The Ethics and Politics of Nanotechnology
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001459/145951e.pdf
http://portal.unesco.org/shs/en/ev.php-URL_ID=10581&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
http://portal.unesco.org/shs/en/ev.phpURL_ID=10883&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
United Nations Environmental Program Global Environmental Outlook, 2007, p61 to 70 http://www.unep.org/geo/yearbook/yb2007/PDF/GYB2007_English_Full.pdf
NGOs and Trade Unions
Labellign: May, 2009 http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/nsw-pushes-for-nano-risk-labels-20090504-asmk.html
European Trade Union Confederation
(ETUC) - Resolution on nanotechnologies and nanomaterials,
http://www.etuc.org/IMG/pdf_ETUC_resolution_on_nano_-_EN_-_25_June_08.pdf
FOE Australia nano website
ETC Group: "Size Matters: The Case for a Global Moratorium" http://www.etcgroup.org/en/materials/publications.html?pub_id=165
The Royal Society and The Royal Academy of Engineering, UK (2004). Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncerntainties; 2004 http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/
The Environmental Law Institute. Governing Uncertainty: The Nanotechnology Environmental, Health, & Safety Challenge, www.eli.org/pdf/research/nanotech/nanocolumbiaarticel%20final.pdf
NGO International Concensus Statement 2007
http://www.icta.org/pubs/index.cfm
Private Sector
Swiss Re - Nanotechnology - Small matter, many unknowns, http://www.swissre.com/resources/31598080455c7a3fb154bb80a45d76a0-Publ04_Nano_en.pdf
Nanotechnologies at the OECD http://www.who.int/entity/ifcs/documents/standingcommittee/f6_04inf.en.doc
OTHER TOPICS: Products, Converging Technologies, and Legal Issues
Products Containing Nanomaterials (for food applications please see Health and Safety heading above)
Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars, http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/
Nanoceo - Nanotechnology Citizens Engagement Organizaton - http://www.nanoceo.net/nanoproducts
Converging Technologies
The Big Down: Atomtech: Technologies Converging at Nano-Scale, http://www.etcgroup.org/en/materials/publications.html?pub_id=171
Legal Issues
German Federal Environment Agency-Legal appraisal http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/technik-verfahren-sicherheit/nanotechnologie/index.htm
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